## P

#### Page Footer

A section that prints at the bottom of each page. Page footers are typically used for page numbers, chapter names, and other identifying information.

#### Page Header

A section that prints at the top of each page. Page headers are typically used for titles and other identifying information.

#### parameter field

A special kind of field that prompts the user for a value. You can use parameter fields for report titles, record selection, sorting, and a variety of other uses. Using parameter fields enables you to create a single report that you can modify quickly to fit a variety of needs.

Note: The term "parameter field" in Seagate Crystal Reports is equivalent to the term "parameter queries" in Microsoft Access.

#### paste

Paste means to retrieve and place data from the Clipboard into a report or formula. The data may have been cut from the same report or formula or from a different one.

#### population

A population is the entire set of values that might be tested statistically, as opposed to a sample which is a subset of the population. A population does not necessarily refer to a group of people; it can refer to the number of automobiles produced on an assembly line or the number of construction companies bidding on a project.

For example, a real estate agent might sell 20 houses in one year. The population of houses sold by that agent in that year is 20.

#### population standard deviation

Population standard deviation is a statistical test of how the values in an entire population (all values) deviate from the mean or average value for that population. Population standard deviation is most often used when all values are being evaluated as opposed to just a sample of those values (StdDev).

Note: This comparison simply suggests typical usage. In practice, some users prefer a calculation based on N values (PopulationStdDev) while others prefer a calculation based on N-1 values (StdDev). Both forms of standard deviation are provided by the program.

#### population variance

Population variance is the square of the standard deviation. It is a measure of the amount by which the values in an entire population vary from the mean (average) value for that population.

Population variance is typically used when all values are being evaluated as opposed to just a sample of those values (Variance).

Note: This comparison simply suggests typical usage. In practice, some users prefer a calculation based on N values (Population-Variance) while others prefer a calculation based on N-1 values (Variance). Both forms of variance are provided by the program.

#### properties

Properties are qualities that define the appearance or action of an object or a section. There are two kinds of properties:

- On/Off
  A property that can only be toggled on or off.
- Attribute
  A property for which you have to supply a value.

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